Research Library

The reference work this field has never had.

Written from primary sources, case law, regulatory filings, academic scholarship, and funder disclosures, with citations. Click any article to read.

Foundational Scholarship → An annotated guide to the academic literature that built this field, what each major work argues and why it matters in practice.

Primary Sources → The government reports, congressional testimony, court rule proposals, and bar association opinions that set the actual rules, each summarized in plain language with a free link.

Fundamentals

What Is Litigation Finance?

Non-recourse capital, priced against the value of a legal claim rather than a balance sheet.

Fundamentals

What Makes a Case Financeable?

Merit, counsel quality, collectability, duration, and claim size, the five things funders screen for.

Fundamentals

Collectability Matters More Than Liability

A judgment against an insolvent defendant is a piece of paper. Collection is the actual business.

Fundamentals

Why Cases Get Rejected

The unglamorous, most useful article in this library.

Damages & Valuation

Understanding Damages

Why quantification, not liability, is where most matters are actually won or lost in underwriting.

Damages & Valuation

How Investors Think: Underwriting a Legal Claim

Underwriting logic borrowed from private equity, applied to legal claims.

Structures

Portfolio Financing

How funders diversify risk across multiple matters, and why it lowers the cost of capital.

Structures

Law Firm Lending

Financing the firm, not just the case.

Structures

Appeal Bond Financing

A narrower, faster, and often overlooked category of capital.

Structures

Judgment Enforcement Financing

Capital advanced against a win you already have, to actually collect on it.

Industry Verticals

Patent & IP Litigation Financing

Financed more like venture bets than commercial disputes.

Industry Verticals

International Arbitration Funding

Cross-border enforcement, seat selection, and disclosure obligations under ICSID Rule 14.

Industry Verticals

Mass Tort & Consumer Legal Funding

The fastest-growing and most controversial corner of the industry.

Industry Verticals

Construction & Energy Disputes

An unusually attractive sector for third-party funders.

Industry Verticals

Defense-Side Litigation Financing

A smaller, newer category: funding the company being sued, not the one suing.

Regulation & Ethics

The U.S. Disclosure Patchwork

No uniform federal rule, a fast-moving mix of state laws and a pending federal bill.

Regulation & Ethics

Attorney Independence and Ethics

Rule 5.4(c), Rule 1.2, and the limits on what a funder is allowed to control.

Regulation & Ethics

Champerty, Maintenance, and Miller v. Caterpillar

The case that gave litigation finance its first real courtroom legitimacy in the U.S.

Regulation & Ethics

PACCAR and the UK Reckoning

How one 2023 Supreme Court ruling upended the UK funding market, and how regulators are trying to fix it.

Regulation & Ethics

Australia's Regulatory Pendulum

From managed investment scheme to exemption and back again.

Tax

How Litigation Finance Is Taxed

Origin-of-claim doctrine, capital gain versus ordinary income, and an unsettled IRS position.

History

The Founding of Burford Capital

How a 2009 law review article became the largest company in the industry.

History

How Funders Actually Perform: Returns and Risk

30%-range target IRRs, a 20-40% loss rate, and why single-case returns overstate reality.

Recent Developments

The Fortress-Therium Realignment

A June 2025 handoff that signals consolidation is already underway in this market.

Structures

Is Litigation Funding a Loan?

Almost always no, and that distinction is what makes the whole asset class work.

Structures

Negotiating a Litigation Funding Agreement

Scope, staged tranches, return caps, and who really controls settlement.

Structures

Choosing a Litigation Funder

Capital adequacy, track record, and why many claimants use a broker.

Industry Verticals

Litigation Funding in Bankruptcy and Insolvency

How trustees pursue claims they otherwise couldn't afford to bring.

Structures

After-the-Event Insurance vs. Litigation Funding

Two different products, often bought together, frequently confused.

Industry Verticals

Qui Tam and Whistleblower Case Financing

A funded, controversial corner of False Claims Act litigation.

Regulation & Ethics

Class Actions and the Coming Disclosure Fight

Eight states now regulate litigation funding directly, and a named federal bill is gaining real momentum.

History

Third-Party Funding: Market Size and Active Players

39 active U.S. funders, new case commitments up 23% to $2.8 billion, and Big Law's share is shrinking.

Industry Verticals

Securities and Shareholder Litigation Funding

How funders help minority shareholders pursue recoveries after a corporate collapse.

Structures

Appellate and Judgment Monetization

Selling a stake in a win you already have but can't yet cash in on, while an appeal plays out.

Regulation & Ethics

Whose Claim Is This, Anyway?

A foundational academic question underneath every funding agreement: who really owns a legal claim once outside capital is attached to it?

Regulation & Ethics

The Case For Funding: Financiers as Monitors

A direct academic counterpoint to the disclosure fight: scholarship arguing funders can reduce, not create, conflicts of interest in class and mass tort litigation.

Regulation & Ethics

Europe's Push to Regulate: The Voss Report and Beyond

A proposed 40% funder fee cap and mandatory disclosure, the EU's still-unresolved attempt to write continent-wide rules for litigation finance.

Regulation & Ethics

Singapore and Hong Kong: Asia's Arbitration Funding Pioneers

Two jurisdictions that legalized third-party funding by statute in 2017 and became the region's leading arbitration funding hubs.

Fundamentals

Why Litigation Funding Works Like Venture Capital, Not a Loan

The academic reframe that explains why funding agreements look the way they do, priced like a startup raising a round, not underwritten like a loan.

Structures

Staged Funding and Why Your Second Check Is Priced Differently

Nobody can price a lawsuit accurately at the outset. That is why funders release capital in tranches, and why the pricing logic changes with each one.

Structures

What's Actually In a Funding Agreement

Funding contracts are not standardized, and most claimants see their first one with no benchmark for what is normal. Here is the benchmark, provision by provision.

Regulation & Ethics

Who Controls a Funded Case?

Once money is attached to a claim, the claimant is no longer the only party with an interest in how it is litigated. The scholarship names this problem and its worst-case failure mode.

Regulation & Ethics

Should Funding Agreements Be Disclosed?

Whether your funding agreement is discoverable is a live question in most jurisdictions. The academic framework courts and legislatures are actually arguing over.

Regulation & Ethics

Protecting Privilege When Sharing Materials With a Funder

Sharing case materials with a funder can look like a privilege waiver on paper, here's why courts usually say it isn't.

History

What the Data Actually Shows

Beyond the qualitative arguments, what empirical research has actually found about litigation funding's effect on cases and courts.

Structures

Alternative Business Structures: When Law Firms Sell Equity, Not Just Cases

A different kind of capital access entirely, letting non-lawyers own a stake in the firm itself, not just a single matter.

Fundamentals

Financing the Middle Market: $250,000 to $2 Million

The claims too large to self-fund and too small for most institutional funders, and the smaller set of firms built to serve them anyway.

Fundamentals

Not All Funders Fund the Same Cases

Litigation finance isn't one market but several, segmented sharply by claim size and practice area, knowing the map before you approach anyone saves months.

Regulation & Ethics

Demystifying Third-Party Litigation Funding

The Supreme Court itself asked how many of its own cases are funded, and couldn't get a precise answer.

Regulation & Ethics

Preventive Transparency: A Narrower Path to Funding Disclosure

A 2025 law review proposal grounds disclosure not in new legislation, but in rules already on the books.

Recent Developments

How Insurers See It: Social Inflation and the Cost Debate

The industry's own case against litigation funding, and why it's more contested than the numbers alone suggest.